Series
The measurement problem
Each entry breaks a tool the previous one used: what the profiler charges, what the benchmark harness turns off, and what the measurement allocates.
In reading order · 1 entry
Part 1
cProfile Slowed It 2.9x and Moved the Ranking by One Point
cProfile adds a flat 25 to 30 ns to every call it observes. That inflates a 47 ns function's reported time by 1.57x and a one-microsecond function's by nothing at all.